How An LLM Reads And Writes: Tokens, Embeddings And Next-Token Prediction
Large language models turn text into numbered pieces, turn those into vectors and then predict one piece at a time. Here is that loop explained step by step.
KNOWLEDGE HUB / AI
Large Language Models
How large language models work, what they are good at and where they go wrong.
Inside The Transformer: Attention Explained For Non-Specialists
The transformer underpins well-known language models such as OpenAI's GPT series. Here is what attention does, why it was a breakthrough and how the pieces of a transformer fit together.
From Raw Model To Assistant: Pretraining, Fine-Tuning, RLHF And Reasoning Models
A freshly pretrained language model only continues text. Several further training stages turn it into an assistant that follows instructions. Here is what each stage does.
Using LLMs Well: Context, Temperature, Hallucinations And Retrieval
Why language models invent facts, how settings like temperature change their output, and how retrieval-augmented generation grounds answers in your own documents.